softkills bahasa inggris 3 : Quantifiers and future perfect

What are quantifiers?

Quantifiers tell us something about the amount or quantity of something (a noun).

Some quantifiers express a small or large quantity:

• Small: I have a few things to do before finishing work.
• Large: I have many things to do before finishing work.

Some quantifiers express part of or all of a quantity:

• Part: It rains most days in winter.
• All: It rained all day yesterday.

Quantifiers belong to a larger class called Determiner.

Examples of quantifiers

Quantifiers can be a single word (e.g. some) or a phrase (e.g. a lot of). Quantifiers that appear as a phrase are often called Complex Quantifiers.

Simple Quantifiers: all, another, any, both, each, either, enough, every, few, fewer, little, less, many, more, much, neither, no, several, some.

Complex Quantifiers: a few, a little, a lot of, lots of

The position of quantifiers

We put quantifiers at the beginning of noun phrases.

quantifier + noun

• some people

quantifier + adjective + noun

• many old books

quantifier + adverb + adjective + noun

• a lot of very crazy drivers

We can also use quantifiers without a noun, like a pronoun.

• These books are old but some are still in good condition. (Some refers to some books)

Quantifier + Noun

Formal and Informal Quantifiers

Sometimes we can make a sentence more formal or more informal (or natural) just by changing the quantifier.

Many people where invited to the wedding. (formal)
A lot of people arrived late. (informal/natural)

They made little progress. (formal)
They didn’t make much progress. (informal/natural)

Exercise 1 

 1.They have had ……… homework in mathematics recently.
 2.How …….. time do you need to finish the work?
 3.There are too ……… students in the library.
 4.Have you visited ……… foreign countries? 
  5.Although he's very ill, he didn't take …….. medicine.

Exercise 2

   

1.   ……. people know as much about linguistics as John does.

         a. Few        b. Much       c. Any          d. Lots of  

  

     2.      They say …….  knowledge is a dangerous thing

         a. Much      b. Little       c. Many       d. a lot

     3.  He's having …… of trouble passing his driving test.
    
           a. a lot        b. Most        c. Lots of     d. Many

     
4 . I spend ........ of my time reading novels.

           a. Little       b. Most        c. Many      d. Many

    5.   He know ……..  English. He knows enough English to manage

a.Many        b. Any            c. Little         d. lots of

Exercise 1                                            Exercise 2

1.      Lots of                                       1. Few

2.      Much                                         2. Little

3.      Many                                         3. A Lot

4.      Any                                            4. Most

5.      Any                                            5. Little

Future Perfect tense
 

It is used to express an action which will occur in future and is thought to be completed in future. It expresses a sense of completion of an action which will occur in future. For example, “John will have gone tomorrow”. It shows a sense of completion of an action (go) which will occur in future (tomorrow).

Rules. Auxiliary verb “will have” is used in sentence. 3rd form of verb or past participle form of verb is used as main verb in sentence.

 Structure of sentence

Positive sentence
       • Subject + auxiliary verb + main verb (past participle) + object
       • Subject + will have + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object

Examples
        She will have finished the work by Wednesday.
        I will have left for home by the time he gets up.
        You will have started a job.

Negative sentence
      • Subject + Not between auxiliary verbs + main verb (past participle) + object
      • Subject + will not have + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object

Examples
       She will have finished the work by Wednesday.
       I will have left for home by the time he gets up.
       You will not have started a job.

Interrogative sentence
    • Auxiliary verb + Subject + auxiliary verb + main verb (past participle) + object
    • Will + Subject +have + 3rd form of verb or past participle + object

Examples
Will she have finished the work by Wednesday?
Will I have left for home by the time he gets up?
Will you have started a job?

Positive sentences
          He will have finished his work.
          You will have made a new chair.
          She will have decorated her home.
          I will have bought a computer.
          They will have shifted to a new home.
          Students will have passed the examination.

Negative sentences
        He will not have finished his work.
        You will not have made a new chair.
        She will not have decorated her home.
        I will not have bought a computer.
        They will not have shifted to a new home.
        Students will not have passed the examination.

Interrogative sentences
       Will he have finished his work?
       Will you have made a new chair?
       Will she have decorated her home?
       Will I have bought a computer?
       Will they have shifted to a new home?
       Will students have passed the examination?

Exercise 1

1.By midnight he ... (drink) all the alcohol in the house

2.By the time we get to the party, they ... (eat) the cake

3.By next year they ... (not sell) all their properties

4.... (you / finish) your work in July?

5.On 19 October they ... (be) married for 50 years 

Exercise 2

6.Before the next semester starts, students ............. school fees.

              A. they must pay their 

              B. must pay his

              C. must pay their

              D. they must pay their

7.Tourism in this region ......................since last year.

               A. declined

               B. was declining

               C. had declined

               D. has been declining

8.Where is Mira ? I............. her since I arrived from the airport.

               A. have not seen

               B. did not see

               C. had not seen

               D. do not see

9.The man .................came to see you is my best friend.

               A. Whose B. Who C. Whom D. Those

10.The girl .................came to your home is my sister.

               A.Whom B. Whose C. Those D. Who

Exercise 1

1.      Will have a drnk

2.      Will have a eaten

3.      Wont have a sold

4.      Will you have a finished

5.      Will have been

Exercise 2

6.      C

7.      D

8.      A

9.      B

10.  D

reference :

latihan softkills bahasa inggris 3 : istana bogor

• ·         ISTANA BOGOR

  Istana Kepresidenan Bogor or Bogor Presidential Palace is located at Jalan Ir. H. Juanda No.1, Bogor. This palace stands on an area of 28, 86 acres and a building area reaches 14,892 m2. In the courtyard you can see the 591 spotted deer, and there are about 346 types of trees. In the courtyard there are many statues of Bogor Palace – beautiful sculptures, such as The Poster Denok work, the model is Ara, wife of an employee of the Bogor Palace, a reproduction of Sweden. The history Bogor Palace began in 1744 when the Governor-General Willem Baron van Imhoff Gustaaf build a vacation home, where he himself sketched and built from 1745-1750. Since 1870, the Bogor Palace became the official residence of the Governor General of the Dutch East Indies. Noted 38th Governor-General of the Netherlands and 1 British Governor General inhabit the Bogor Palace. The last Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies inhabit the Bogor Palace was Governor General Tjarda van Starkenborg Stachourwer.

 In 1950, the Presidential Palace and Bogor began to be used officially become one of the Indonesian Presidential Palace. Bogor Presidential Palace has 37 buildings. Some of its main building has an important function. For example is the Main Building, consists of eight rooms, namely Garuda Hall that serves as a reception room, many meeting can be held at this room. Lotus Hall is a hall that serves as a reception hall. Film Hall once served as a film screening at the time of President Soekarno. Dining Room, which serves as the main dining room. President Room ever served as a work room of President Soekarno. Library Room, that once served as a library of President Soekarno. Family Room, that serves as a President waiting room if the President will attend a variety of events at Garuda Hall.

Minister Waiting Room which serves as the reception area of the ministers if they would attend the event at Garuda Hall. Collections of international art and decor gifts that come from foreign countries, help provide a luxurious accent in Bogor Palace. One of them is a Bohemian-style crystal candle stand and rare Persian carpets lining the floor of the main room at the Bogor Palace. Palace Collection includes: 450 paintings, among them are: Indonesia painter Basuki Abdullah, Makowski Russian painter, and Ernest Dezentjé, 360 statues, the composition of luxury tile floors spread over the palace. One of the most impressive are collections of ceramics, originating from Russia, the contribution of the Prime Minister Khrushchev in 1960 and A silver plated tiger skull, a gift from the Prime Minister Thanom Kittikachorn of Thailand in 1958.